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Java单体测试工具cactus使用指南

类别: JAVA教程

1 cactus测试的原理
看下面这张图，这是一个测试工具Cactus测试Servlet的过程，而在过去测试Servlet是很麻烦的。
1.首先，JUnit测试器执行YYYTestCase.runTest()，这个函数找到beginXXX(WebRequest)执行它，这个过程发生在客户端。WebRequest作为参数，它包含了请求的HTTP头、HTTP参数，它将被传送到第2步的重定向代理器中。
2.YYYTestCase.runTest()建立一个到重定向代理器的HTTP链接. 上一步的WebRequest传了过去。
3.从客户端来看，重定向代理器好像是在服务器运行一样。这意味着你的测试用例类将被实例两次：一次是在客户端（被JUnit测试器实例），另一次是在服务器端（被重定向代理器实例）。客户端的实例用来执行beginXXX()和endXXX()函数，服务器端实例用来执行第4步中的testXXX()函数。
4.setUp(), testXXX()和tearDown()被依次执行，它们被重定向代理器以reflection机制执行。当然，setUp()和tearDown()是可选的(就像在JUnit里一样)。
5.你的testXXX()将调用服务器端代码测试，并使用JUnit的断言API来观察执行效果(如assert(), assertEquals(), fail(), ...)
6.如果测试失败，你的testXXX()函数抛出的异常将被重定向代理器捕获。
7.如果出现异常，重定向代理器返回它的信息（包含名字，类，栈顶数据）到客户端，然后异常信息将显示在JUnit的测试器上。
8.如果没有异常产生，YYYTestCase.runTest()函数则找到endXXX(org.apache.cactus.WebResponse)或endXXX(com.meterware.httpunit.WebResponse) 函数执行。在全过程中，你有机会在endXXX()函数检查HTTP头，Cookies以及servlet的输出流。

2.cactus 的安装
文件下载地址:

http://www.javaresearch.org/oss/download/cactus/jakarta-cactus-12-1.6.1.zip

使用方式:

解压压缩包后将lib文件夹下的全部JAR添加到相关项目目录(为保证确认,可以将路径同时添加到classpath中),配置cactus.properties文件,修改cactus.contextURL值为所在webapp的起始路径,同时将该文件放置到classpath路径中

如例:

# Configuration file for Cactus.

# Each project using Cactus need to have such a file put in the client side

# CLASSPATH (Meaning the directory containgin this file should be in the client

# side CLASSPATH, not the file itself of course ... :) )

# Defines the URLs that will be used by Cactus to call it\'s redirectors

# (Servlet and JSP). You need to specify in these URLs the webapp context

# that you use for your application. In the example below, the context is

# "test".

cactus.contextURL = http://localhost:8080/Fund_Cafe

cactus.servletRedirectorName = ServletRedirector

cactus.enableLogging=true

修改WEB应用下web.xml文件添加相应的SERVLET映射

如例;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>debug</param-name>

<param-value>2</param-value>

</init-param>

<init-param>

<param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>

<param-value>D:/Fund_Cafe/conf</param-value>

</init-param>

<init-param>

<param-name>FORWARD_SERVLET</param-name>

<param-value>TS2</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.WAMServlet</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>debug</param-name>

<param-value>2</param-value>

</init-param>

<init-param>

<param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>

<param-value>D:/Fund_Cafe/conf</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.apache.cactus.server.ServletTestRedirector</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/ServletRedirector</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/TS</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/TS2</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<resource-ref>

<description>Oracle DataSource example</description>

<res-ref-name>oraclePool</res-ref-name>

<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>

<res-auth>Container</res-auth>

</resource-ref>

</web-app>

3.实际举例
被测试类: ForwardLauncher

测试类: Test

测试条件1:B=9914,S=123456789,ServerID=AA, BHD0001=1,E=0(程序正常路径,显示选择菜单)

测试条件2:B=9914(程序异常路径,显示发生错误的页面)

Test类内容如下:

package jp.co.abic.wam;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher;

import org.apache.cactus.ServletTestCase;

import org.apache.cactus.WebRequest;

import org.apache.cactus.WebResponse;

/**

* @author sfluo

*

* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to

* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates

*/

public class Test extends ServletTestCase {

ForwardLauncher wamServlet=new ForwardLauncher();

public static void main(String[] args) {

junit.textui.TestRunner.run(Test.class);

}

/*

* @see TestCase#setUp()

*/

protected void setUp() throws Exception {

config.setInitParameter("FORWARD_SERVLET","TS2");

wamServlet.init(config);

}

/*

* @see TestCase#tearDown()

*/

protected void tearDown() throws Exception {

super.tearDown();

}

/*

* Class under test for void doGet(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)

*/

public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebRequest theRequest){

theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");

theRequest.addParameter("S", "123456789");

theRequest.addParameter("ServerID", "AA");

theRequest.addParameter("BHD0001", "1");

theRequest.addParameter("E", "0");

}

public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA() {

try {

wamServlet.doGet(request,response);

} catch (ServletException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

//TODO Implement doGet().

}

public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebResponse theResponse){

System.out.print(theResponse.getText());

}

public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebRequest theRequest){

theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");

}

public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB() {

try {

wamServlet.doGet(request,response);

} catch (ServletException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

//TODO Implement doGet().

}

public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebResponse theResponse){

System.out.print(theResponse.getText());

}

}

详细的api请参照相关的文档,在文件目录下均存在

-= 资源教程 =-

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