目前很多企业单位正在构架自己的Intranet，FTP服务器是其中的一个服务支持，有很多单位购置了基于UNIX平台的计算机，为了在网上能够提供FTP服务支持，专门购置基于UNIX平台的FTP Server软件，其实在基于UNIX平台的计算机系统中，采取一定的技术方法，就可以建立自己的FTP Server，实现网上文件上下载服务，无须再购置专门的软件，和乐而不为之呢？下面就其建立过程阐述如下：



　　1.确定FTP Server的共享目录

为FTP Server建立一个FTP工作目录，在此设定为/home/ftp



　　2.编写FTP Server初始设置的Shell程序（setup）

用编辑工具（如vi）编写一个Shell程序，用于对系统进行设置。

#!/bin/sh

case $# in

0) ftphome="`grep \'^ftp:\' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f6`"

;;

1) if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then

ftphome="`grep \'^ftp:\' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f6`"

else

ftphome=$1

fi

;;

*) echo "Usage: $0 [anon-ftp-root]"

exit 1

;;

esac

if [ -z "${ftphome}" ]; then

echo "$0: ftphome must be non-null"

exit 2

fi

if [ "${ftphome}" = "/" -o "${ftphome}" = "/usr" ]; then

echo "$0: ftphome must not be / or /usr"

exit 2

fi

if [ ! -d ${ftphome} ]; then

mkdir ${ftphome}

fi

if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/usr/bin ]; then

mkdir -p ${ftphome}/usr/bin

fi

cp /usr/bin/ls ${ftphome}/usr/bin

chmod 111 ${ftphome}/usr/bin/ls

chown root ${ftphome}/usr/bin

chmod 555 ${ftphome}/usr/bin

if [ -r ${ftphome}/bin ]; then

mv -f ${ftphome}/bin ${ftphome}/Obin

fi

ln -s usr/bin ${ftphome}

if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/usr/lib ]; then

mkdir -p ${ftphome}/usr/lib


fi

if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/etc ]; then

mkdir -p ${ftphome}/etc

fi

cp /usr/lib/ld.so /usr/lib/ld.so.1 ${ftphome}/usr/lib

for lib in libc libdl libintl libw libnsl libsocket

nss_nis nss_nisplus nss_dns nss_files

do

cp /usr/lib/${lib}.so.1 ${ftphome}/usr/lib

rm -f ${ftphome}/usr/lib/${lib}.so

ln -s ./${lib}.so.1 ${ftphome}/usr/lib/${lib}.so

done

cp /usr/lib/straddr.so.2 ${ftphome}/usr/lib


rm -f ${ftphome}/usr/lib/straddr.so

ln -s ./straddr.so.2 ${ftphome}/usr/lib/straddr.so

cp /etc/passwd /etc/group /etc/netconfig ${ftphome}/etc

chmod 555 ${ftphome}/usr/lib/*

chmod 444 ${ftphome}/etc/*

chown root ${ftphome}/usr/lib ${ftphome}/etc

chmod 555 ${ftphome}/usr/lib ${ftphome}/etc

if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/dev ]; then

mkdir -p ${ftphome}/dev

fi

prefix="/devices/pseudo/mm@0:"

for device in zero

line=`ls -l ${prefix}${device} | sed -e \'s/,//\'`

major=`echo $line | awk \'{print $5}\'`

minor=`echo $line | awk \'{print $6}\'`

rm -f ${ftphome}/dev/${device}


mknod ${ftphome}/dev/${device} c ${major} ${minor}

done

prefix="/devices/pseudo/clone@0:"

for device in tcp udp ticotsord

do

line=`ls -l ${prefix}${device} | sed -e \'s/,//\'`

major=`echo $line | awk \'{print $5}\'`

minor=`echo $line | awk \'{print $6}\'`

rm -f ${ftphome}/dev/${device}

mknod ${ftphome}/dev/${device} c ${major} ${minor}

done

chmod 666 ${ftphome}/dev/*

chown root ${ftphome}/dev

chmod 555 ${ftphome}/dev

#建立一个匿名FTP服务目录，并设立可读可写属性

if [ ! -d ${ftphome}/pub ]; then

mkdir -p ${ftphome}/pub

fi

chown ftp ${ftphome}/pub

chmod 777 ${ftphome}/pub



3. 编辑/etc/passwd和/etc/shadow文件

设置匿名FTP帐号，按下面方法分别对/etc/passwd和/etc/shadow两个文件中增加如下数据项：

（1）在/etc/passwd文件中增加

ftp:x:30000:30000:Anonymous FTP:/home/ftp:/nosuchshell

（2）在/etc/shadow文件中增加

ftp:NP:6445::::::



4. 运行setup程序

在运行setup程序之前，将该文件设置成执行文件

#chmod +x setup

运行setup程序 #setup /home/ftp

以上步骤就完成了FTP服务器的建立，即可使用FTP服务器，可以用如explorer、netscape navigator等浏览器对FTP服务器进行访问，进行下载和上载文件操作，使用非常方便。